Black swan theory

Quality:

Black swan theory - a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. Article “Black swan theory” in English Wikipedia has 43.1 points for quality (as of July 1, 2025). The article contains 38 references and 8 sections.

This article has the best quality in Estonian Wikipedia. However, this article is the most popular in English version.

In June 2025 the article “Black swan theory” was edited by 5 authors in English Wikipedia and written by 6 authors in all languages.

Since the creation of article “Black swan theory”, its content was written by 325 registered users of English Wikipedia and edited by 797 registered Wikipedia users in all languages.

The article is cited 254 times in English Wikipedia and cited 866 times in all languages.

The highest Authors Interest rank from 2001:

• Local (English): #5378 in April 2020
• Global: #8564 in March 2020

The highest popularity rank from 2008:

• Local (English): #207 in December 2010
• Global: #893 in December 2010

There are 33 language versions for this article in the WikiRank database (of the considered 55 Wikipedia language editions).

The quality and popularity assessment was based on Wikipédia dumps from July 1, 2025 (including revision history and pageviews for previous years).

The table below shows the language versions of the article with the highest quality.

#	Language	Quality grade	Quality score
1	Estonian (et) Musta luige teooria		46.9965
2	English (en) Black swan theory		43.1464
3	Korean (ko) 흑고니 이론		40.7271
4	Dutch (nl) Zwarte zwaan (economie)		37.9301
5	Esperanto (eo) Teorio de la nigra cigno		36.9493
6	German (de) Black Swan (Risiken)		35.9447
7	Basque (eu) Beltxarga beltzaren teoria		32.9286
8	Catalan (ca) Teoria del cigne negre		31.195
9	Polish (pl) Czarny łabędź (ekonomia)		28.9349
10	Ukrainian (uk) Чорний лебідь (теорія)		27.6589

The following table shows the most popular language versions of the article.

#	Language	Popularity award	Relative popularity
1	English (en) Black swan theory		10 776 127
2	Russian (ru) Чёрный лебедь (концепция)		1 387 346
3	Spanish (es) Teoría del cisne negro		1 022 962
4	Chinese (zh) 黑天鵝理論		972 175
5	French (fr) Théorie du cygne noir		722 238
6	Italian (it) Teoria del cigno nero		299 085
7	Japanese (ja) ブラック・スワン理論		255 137
8	Hebrew (he) תאוריית הברבור השחור		186 830
9	German (de) Black Swan (Risiken)		130 328
10	Portuguese (pt) Teoria do cisne preto		114 940

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest popularity in the last month.

#	Language	Popularity award	Relative popularity
1	English (en) Black swan theory		28 768
2	Chinese (zh) 黑天鵝理論		4 113
3	Russian (ru) Чёрный лебедь (концепция)		4 064
4	Italian (it) Teoria del cigno nero		3 114
5	French (fr) Théorie du cygne noir		2 220
6	Spanish (es) Teoría del cisne negro		1 693
7	German (de) Black Swan (Risiken)		1 642
8	Hebrew (he) תאוריית הברבור השחור		1 096
9	Japanese (ja) ブラック・スワン理論		1 095
10	Persian (fa) نظریه قوی سیاه		721

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest.

#	Language	AI award	Relative AI
1	English (en) Black swan theory		325
2	French (fr) Théorie du cygne noir		65
3	Russian (ru) Чёрный лебедь (концепция)		56
4	Spanish (es) Teoría del cisne negro		46
5	Hebrew (he) תאוריית הברבור השחור		43
6	Chinese (zh) 黑天鵝理論		39
7	Italian (it) Teoria del cigno nero		24
8	Arabic (ar) نظرية البجعة السوداء		17
9	German (de) Black Swan (Risiken)		17
10	Czech (cs) Teorie černé labutě		16

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest in the last month.

#	Language	AI award	Relative AI
1	English (en) Black swan theory		5
2	Estonian (et) Musta luige teooria		1
3	Arabic (ar) نظرية البجعة السوداء		0
4	Azerbaijani (az) Qara qu quşu nəzəriyyəsi		0
5	Catalan (ca) Teoria del cigne negre		0
6	Czech (cs) Teorie černé labutě		0
7	German (de) Black Swan (Risiken)		0
8	Greek (el) Θεωρία του μαύρου κύκνου		0
9	Esperanto (eo) Teorio de la nigra cigno		0
10	Spanish (es) Teoría del cisne negro		0

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest number of citations.

On 10 February 2026 in multilingual Wikipedia, Internet users most often read articles on the following topics: Jeffrey Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell, Ilia Malinin, Bad Bunny, 2026 Winter Olympics, Epstein files, Jutta Leerdam, Jake Paul, Puerto Rico, Little Saint James.

In English Wikipedia the most popular articles on that day were: Bad Bunny, Jeffrey Epstein, Epstein files, Ilia Malinin, Savannah Guthrie, Ghislaine Maxwell, 2026 Winter Olympics, List of Super Bowl halftime shows, Eileen Gu, Jutta Leerdam.

The WikiRank project is intended for automatic relative evaluation of the articles in the various language versions of Wikipedia. At the moment the service allows to compare over 44 million Wikipedia articles in 55 languages. Quality scores of articles are based on Wikipedia dumps from July, 2025. When calculating current popularity and AI of articles data from June 2025 was taken into account. For historical values of popularity and AI WikiRank used data from 2001 to 2025... More information